Cisco Password Cracker - Online and Offline Methods

Password Cracker Cisco: How to Recover, Decrypt, and Secure Your Cisco Passwords

If you are a network administrator or engineer who works with Cisco devices, you know how important it is to protect your passwords. Passwords are used to access different modes and functions of Cisco devices, such as privileged EXEC mode, configuration mode, console port, vty lines, enable secret, user accounts, RADIUS keys, TACACS+ keys, and more. Losing or forgetting your passwords can cause serious problems, such as losing access to your device, losing your configuration, or exposing your network to unauthorized users.

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Fortunately, there are ways to recover, decrypt, and secure your Cisco passwords using various tools and methods. In this article, you will learn how to use password cracker cisco to perform these tasks. You will also learn some best practices and recommendations for password security on Cisco devices.

Introduction

What is password cracking and why is it important?

Password cracking is the process of finding out a password by using different techniques, such as guessing, brute force, dictionary attack, rainbow table attack, cryptanalysis, or reverse engineering. Password cracking can be done for different purposes, such as recovering a lost password, testing the strength of a password, auditing the security of a system, or hacking into a system.

Password cracking is important because bypassing the normal authentication process or accessing the configuration file without loading it. For example, there are password recovery methods that can recover passwords for Cisco routers, switches, firewalls, and access points by using the console port, interrupting the boot process, changing the configuration register, booting from flash, and modifying the passwords.

Password Recovery

How to recover passwords for Cisco routers and switches

If you forget or lose the passwords for your Cisco router or switch, you can use the following steps to recover them:

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Step 1: Connect to the console port

You need to connect a terminal or a PC to the console port of the device using a console cable. The console port is usually labeled as CON or CONSOLE on the device. You also need to configure the terminal or the PC with the correct settings, such as baud rate, data bits, parity, stop bits, and flow control. The default settings for Cisco devices are 9600 baud, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, and no flow control.

Step 2: Interrupt the boot process

You need to power cycle the device and press CTRL+BREAK or CTRL+C when you see the message "System Bootstrap" or "rommon 1>". This will interrupt the normal boot process and enter ROM monitor mode. ROM monitor mode is a low-level mode that allows you to perform basic tasks such as changing the configuration register, loading an image file, or displaying information about the device.

Step 3: Change the configuration register

You need to change the configuration register to a value that tells the device to ignore the startup configuration file when booting. The configuration register is a 16-bit value that controls various aspects of the device's operation, such as console speed, boot source, and configuration source. The default value for Cisco devices is 0x2102. You can change it to 0x2142 by using the confreg command in ROM monitor mode. For example:

rommon 1> confreg 0x2142 You must reset or power cycle for new config to take effect rommon 2>

Step 4: Boot from flash without loading the configuration

You need to reboot the device from flash memory without loading the startup configuration file. Flash memory is a non-volatile memory that stores the image file and the configuration file of the device. You can use the reset command in ROM monitor mode to reboot the device. For example:

rommon 2> reset System Bootstrap, Version 12.4(13r)T11 ... Press RETURN to get started! ... Router>

You will see that the device has booted with a default configuration and has entered user EXEC mode with a prompt of Router>. You will also see a message that says "The enable password has not been set."

Step 5: Enter privileged mode and copy the configuration

You need to enter privileged EXEC mode by using the enable command without a password. Privileged EXEC mode allows you to access all commands and configuration modes on the device. You will see that the prompt has changed to Router#. You also need to copy the startup configuration file from flash memory to running memory by using the copy startup-config running-config command. Running memory is a volatile memory that stores the current configuration of the device. This will allow you to view and modify the passwords that are stored in the configuration file. For example:

Router> enable Router# copy startup-config running-config Destination filename [running-config]? ... Router#

Step 6: Identify and change the passwords

You need to identify the passwords that you want to recover or change by using the show running-config command. This command will display the current configuration of the device, including the passwords. You will see that some passwords are encrypted and some are not, depending on the type of password and encryption used. For example:

Router# show running-config ... enable password 7 0822455D0A16 enable secret 5 $1$mERr$hx5rVt7rPNoS4wqbXKX7m0 ... line con 0 password 7 0822455D0A16 ... line vty 0 4 password 7 0822455D0A16 ... username admin privilege 15 password 7 0822455D0A16 ... aaa authentication login default group tacacs+ local tacacs-server key 7 13061E010C0A ...

You can change the passwords by using the appropriate commands in the configuration mode. Configuration mode allows you to modify the configuration of the device. You can enter configuration mode by using the configure terminal command in privileged EXEC mode. You will see that the prompt has changed to Router(config)#. You can then use commands such as enable password, enable secret, line password, username password, or tacacs-server key to change the passwords. You can also use the no keyword before a command to remove a password. For example:

Router# configure terminal Router(config)# enable password cisco123 Router(config)# enable secret cisco456 Router(config)# line con 0 Router(config-line)# no password Router(config-line)# line vty 0 4 Router(config-line)# no password Router(config-line)# username admin privilege 15 password cisco789 Router(config)# aaa authentication login default group tacacs+ local Router(config)# tacacs-server key ciscoABC Router(config)#

Step 7: Restore the configuration register and reload the device

You need to restore the configuration register to its original value by using the config-register command in configuration mode. This will tell the device to load the startup configuration file when booting. You also need to save the changes you made to the running configuration file by using the copy running-config startup-config command in privileged EXEC mode. This will overwrite the startup configuration file with the current configuration file. You then need to reload the device by using the reload command in privileged EXEC mode. This will reboot the device and apply the new passwords. For example:

Router(config)# config-register 0x2102 Router(config)# end Router# copy running-config startup-config Destination filename [startup-config]? ... Router# reload System configuration has been modified. Save? [yes/no]: yes Building configuration... ... Proceed with reload? [confirm] ...

You have successfully recovered or changed your passwords for your Cisco router or switch.

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